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用通常逻辑方法处理自然语言显示出:一、强调语句系统中句法规则的抽象性,刻画句法生成的一般规律;二、作为语句系统出发点的初始词项是没有内部结构的,是不可分析的。三、语言的生成严格遵循“只留不减”的组合原则。在认知科学看来,人们对自然语言的使用是一个认知过程,在过程中要遵循认知对象的事理规律。用通常逻辑方法构造的句法规则没有满足这个要求,缺乏认知方面的限制,因而生成力过强;从认知规律看,关于对象局部的认识势必影响关于对象整体的认识,词的功能特征对短语乃至句子的形成是有作用的。而逻辑主张初始词项没有内部结构的思想显然不太恰当;自然语言在生成组合中,其功能特征可能出现“取舍并举”的情况,严格的逻辑组合原则似乎需要改进。对此,作者在有关汉语的时间语句系统中一定程度刻画了语言的认知特点,避免生成语义怪异的表达式;同时初步设想在类型-逻辑语法框架内凭借基本语词的特征结构及其合一运算规则来影响生成,以此符合认知他律;同时在生成组合中有所“舍弃”。
The treatment of natural language by the usual logical methods shows: First, emphasizing the abstraction of the syntactic rules in the sentence system and characterizing the general law of syntactic generation; Second, the initial term as the starting point of the sentence system has no internal structure and is not analyzable. Third, the formation of the language strictly follow the “only stay diminished” combination of principles. In the cognitive science, people use the natural language is a cognitive process, in the process to follow the law of cognitive objects. The syntactic rules constructed by the usual logical methods do not meet this requirement and lack of cognitive limitations. Therefore, the cognitive ability of the syntactic rules is too strong. From the perspective of cognitive rules, the understanding of the local parts of the object will inevitably affect the cognition of the whole object. The formation of phrases and even sentences is helpful. However, it is obviously not appropriate for the logic to advocate the idea that there is no internal structure of the initial term. Natural language may appear in the generating combination of “choice and conformance”. The strict logical combination principle seems to need improvement. In this regard, the author describes the cognitive features of language to a certain extent in the time-related sentence system of Chinese and avoids the generation of semantic strange expressions. At the same time, he tentatively envisages that by virtue of the characteristic structure of basic words and their combination within the framework of type-logical grammar Computation rules to affect the generation, in line with the cognitive law; at the same time in the generation of a combination of “give up.”