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The study on the scheme of the energy conservation renovation of the existing heating residential building is a part of the theme of the re-living policies and the renovation of the low-grade residential buildings, which prepares for the further research on the latter theme covering specific subjects such as architecture, construction and energy utilization. And it is one research project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC). The NO.25 building in the Xi Zhimen South Avenue is one representative example of the low-grade residential buildings, and it is the main subject discussed in this paper. Mainly aiming at the building envelope and the heating system of the residential building, with the information of the practical survey, the status quo of the NO.25 building is firstly analyzed, and the heat consumption index and the thermal characteristics of the whole building are calculated. The energy conservation potential of the building is analyzed to achieve the national existing building energy-saving goal-the Fifty-percent Energy-saving Goal. In consideration of the technical feasibility, one practical scheme is provided for the energy conservation renovation of the NO.25 building. Then the economic benefit and environmental benefit of this scheme is analyzed. This paper can provide a referential basis for the research on the re-living policies and the renovation of the low-grade residential building in 1980s or 1970s.