目的探讨新生儿感染不同病原体后体内相关免疫细胞及其细胞因子的变化。方法选择2011年3月-2014年8月在聊城市第二人民医院新生儿监护室治疗的160例患儿作为研究对象,其中感染细菌组50例,感染病毒组50例,60例ABO溶血病患儿作为对照组,3组患儿均采用流式细胞仪检测静脉血CD_4~+T淋巴细胞因子和T淋巴细胞亚群的变化,并进行比较。结果细菌组IL-4水平与病毒组、对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(t=2.814,P<0.01;t=-3.715,P<0.01),病毒组与对照组间IL-4水平比较,差异无统计学意义(t=-5.98,P>0.05);3组新生儿间的CD_3~+、CD_4~+、CD_8~+、CD_(19)~+、CD_4~+/CD_8~+及NK细胞阳性率比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);细菌组和病毒组的CD_3~+、CD_4~+和CD_4~+/CD_8~+水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(t=-5.977,t=-1.175,P<0.05;t=-3.942,t=-3.562,P<0.05);细菌组和病毒组CD_(19)~+水平比较,差异有统计学意义(t=10.386,t=13.389,P<0.05);细菌组与病毒组间CD_3~+、CD_4~+、CD_(19)~+和CD_4~+/CD_8~+水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);病毒组NK细胞阳性率比较,差异均有统计学意义(t=-2.28,t=-2.28,P<0.05),细菌组与对照组间NK细胞阳性率比较,差异无统计学意义(t=0.717,P>0.05)。结论在新生儿期的任何外源性病原体感染都会导致T淋巴细胞亚群受到抑制,相对来说,Th2型细胞受到的抑制比Th1型更加严重,NK细胞对病毒感染的抵抗力要强于细菌感染。 Objective To investigate the changes of related immune cells and cytokines in neonates infected with different pathogens. Methods From March 2011 to August 2014, 160 infants treated in neonatal intensive care unit of Second People’s Hospital of Liaocheng City were enrolled. Among them, 50 were infected with bacteria, 50 were infected with virus, 60 were ABO hemolytic disease Children as control group, three groups of children were detected by flow cytometry venous blood CD_4 ~ + T lymphocyte factor and T lymphocyte subsets changes, and compared. Results The level of IL-4 in the bacterial group was significantly higher than that in the virus group and the control group (t = 2.814, P <0.01; t = -3.715, P <0.01) There was no significant difference between the three groups (t = -5.98, P> 0.05). The CD_3 +, CD4 +, CD8 +, CD19 +, CD4 + / CD8 + (P <0.05). The differences of the levels of CD_3 ~ +, CD_4 ~ + and CD_4 ~ + / CD_8 ~ + between the bacterial and viral groups were statistically significant The differences of CD_ (19) ~ + between the bacterial group and the virus group were statistically significant (t = -5.977, t = -1.175, P <0.05; t = -3.942, t = -3.562, t = 10.386, t = 13.389, P <0.05). There was no significant difference in the levels of CD_3 ~ +, CD_4 ~ +, CD_ (19) ~ + and CD_4 ~ + / CD_8 ~ + between the bacterial group and the virus group (P> 0.05). The positive rates of NK cells in the virus group were statistically significant (t = -2.28, t = -2.28, P <0.05). There was no significant difference in the positive rate of NK cells between the bacterial group and the control group Statistical significance (t = 0.717, P> 0.05). Conclusions Any exogenous pathogen infection during the neonatal period leads to the suppression of T lymphocyte subsets. In contrast, Th2-type cells are more severely inhibited than Th1-type ones and NK cells are more resistant to viral infection than bacterial infections .