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社会管理指社会不同主体有针对性、有意识地对不同的社会组织、社会设置和社会过程等进行干预,使其良性互动,进入一种社会秩序的状态中。社会管理是社会学、公共管理、政治学等诸多学科讨论的议题,涉及社会管理主体、客体、手段、方式、结果等诸多方面的内容。社会管理的重点对象是人与人的社会关系的管理,贯穿于政府、企业、社会组织等的互动之中。由于社会生活的广泛性,社会管理的内容维度也较广,覆盖福利、教育、医疗、住房、社会冲突等诸多范畴。社会管理的关键在于,如何建立政府与社会的协调机制以促成社会自治与政府行政之间的互补,各主体力量如何形成权利与义务之间的均衡。
Social management refers to the different subjects of society targeted and consciously intervening in different social organizations, social settings and social processes so as to bring them into benign interaction and enter a state of social order. Social management is a subject discussed in many disciplines such as sociology, public administration and political science, and involves many aspects such as subject, object, means, method and result of social management. The key object of social management is the management of the social relations between people and people, which runs through the interaction among the government, enterprises and social organizations. Due to the wide range of social life, the content of social management is also broader in scope and covers many areas such as welfare, education, medical care, housing and social conflicts. The key to social management lies in how to set up a coordination mechanism between government and society so as to promote the mutual supplement between social autonomy and government administration and how the main forces form a balance between rights and obligations.