脑出血(Intracerebral hemorrhage,ICH)是神经科常见病、多发病,其致残率、致死率较高。研究发现ICH后血肿液中凝血酶浓度与周围组织水肿细胞凋亡及神经功能缺损程度有相关性,而抗凝血酶治疗能减轻血肿周围脑组织水肿抑制神经元凋亡,提高神经功能评分,改善预后,降低致死率致残率。本文介绍了凝血酶的分子结构及其在中枢神经系统代谢途径以及诱导的继发性脑损伤和产生神经毒性的机制,综述了目前ICH抗凝血酶治疗的初步试验结果。随着研究的深入,抗凝血酶治疗有可能成为ICH治疗较为有效的方案。 Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a common neurological disease, frequently-occurring disease, its morbidity and mortality are higher. The study found that after ICH hematoma fluid thrombin concentration and surrounding tissue edema cell apoptosis and neurological deficits have a correlation, and antithrombin treatment can reduce edema around the hematoma brain tissue inhibition of neuronal apoptosis, improve neurological function score, Improve prognosis, reduce mortality rate of lethality. This article describes the molecular structure of thrombin and its metabolic pathway in the central nervous system and induced secondary brain injury and neurotoxicity mechanism, reviewed the current results of ICH antithrombin treatment trial. With further research, antithrombin therapy may become a more effective ICH treatment program.