一、自然主义的涵义自然主义是19世纪下半叶至20世纪初继批判现实主义之后始于法国风行欧洲的一种文艺思潮和创作方法。自然主义文学兴起于19世纪50至60年代的法国,这一时期,法国资本主义迅猛发展,工业革命基本完成。标榜“科学性”成为一种时尚,又有实证主义哲学的兴盛,文学上 First, the meaning of naturalism Naturalism is the second half of the 19th century to the early 20th century, following the critique of realism began in France popular in Europe a kind of literary trends and creative methods. Naturalistic literature emerged in France from the 1950s to the 1960s. During this period, French capitalism developed rapidly and the industrial revolution was basically completed. Flaunt “scientific” as a fashion, but also the prosperity of positivist philosophy, literary