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目的探讨医学论文结构式英文摘要中时态、语态的使用规律。方法随机挑选Medline检索系统(光盘版)收录的1996至2003年5月不同生物医学期刊发表的结构式英文摘要900篇,对摘要的各项目中时态、语态的使用情况进行分析。结果在900篇结构式英文摘要中,“目的”项里完整句子(the complete sentence,CS)与动词不定式短语(the infinitive,to-ph)使用频次之比为482:543,主动语态(the active voice,AC)与被动语态(the passive voice,PA)使用频次之比为480:68,一般过去时(the simple past tense,SP)与一般现在时(the simple present tense,PR)的使用频次之比为335:358。“方法”项里主动语态与被动语态使用频次之比为1012:2135,一般过去时和一般现在时态使用频次之比3092:32;“结果”项里主动语态与被动语态使用频次之比为1246:2853,一般过去时和一般现在时使用频次之比为3812:93;“结论”项里主动语态与被动语态使用频次之比为956:328,现在时(包括一般现在时、现在完成时、一般将来时)与一般过去时使用频次之比为1265:480。结论结构式英文摘要中时态、语态的应用有其规律:“目的”项里主要采用动词不定式短语或完整句子,时态多用一般现在时或一般过去时,语态主要采用主动语态;“方法”和“结果”项里主要采用一般过去时态和被动语态;“结论”项里主要采用现在时和主动语态。
Objective To explore the usage of temporal and voice states in structured English abstracts of medical essays. Methods A total of 900 structured English abstracts published in different biomedical journals from 1996 to May 2003, which were included in Medline retrieval system (CD), were randomly selected to analyze the temporal and voice usage in each item in the abstract. Results In the 900 structured English abstracts, the frequency of use of the complete sentence (CS) and the infinitive (to-ph) is 482: 543, and the active voice the ratio of the active voice (AC) to the passive voice (PA) is 480: 68, the simple past tense (SP) and the simple present tense (PR) The usage frequency ratio is 335: 358. “Method ” in the active voice and passive voice frequency ratio of 1012: 2135, the general past tense and the general frequency of the current tense 3092: 32; “Result ” in the active voice and Passive voice frequency ratio of 1246: 2853, the general past time and the frequency of the current use of the current ratio of 3812: 93; “Conclusion ” in active voice and passive voice frequency ratio of 956: 328 , The current time (including the general present, the present, the general future) is 1265: 480 compared to the average past usage frequency. Conclusions The application of tense and speech in structured English abstracts has its own rules: “purpose ” mainly uses the adverbial infinitive phrase or the complete sentence, when the tense is used in the present or in the past, the main use of the active language State; “method” and “results” are mainly used in the general past tense and passive voice; “conclusion ” in the main use of the current time and active voice.