日本鸢尾类植物(花菖蒲、燕子花、溪荪)是一类适应性很强的观赏花卉,品种丰富,色彩艳丽,可在园林中大量应用,形成美丽的自然景观。它的不同品种适生于旱地、水中等不同生态环境,是一类应用推广价值很高的园林花卉。一、生物学特性及生态习性1.溪荪 Iris Sanguinea多年生草木植物,具有根状茎,株丛高40-50cm,叶基生,叶片较细而平坦,中脉不明显,花葶由叶丛中抽出,上有2-3朵紫色或白色花,花径可达10-12cm,种子千粒重14.1g,播种苗第二年有50%左右开花。喜光,耐寒,耐旱,栽培盛花期5月,可播种、分株繁殖。2.燕子花 Iris Laevigata多年生草本植物,具有粗壮的根状茎,叶片宽条形,黄绿色,花茎顶端有2-4朵花,花色有白、紫等色彩,花径较大,15cm左右,结实少。喜光,喜水渍,微酸性土壤,沼泽地及河岸边水湿地生长较好,亦可生长在浅水之中,花期5-6月。可播种、分株繁殖。3.花菖蒲 Iris ensata多年生草本植物,具有较强的根状茎,叶条形,中脉明显,较粗,茎顶端着生各色花,花径大,达15-17cm,花色有白、红、粉、紫、嵌条、斑点等多种色彩,花期5-6月,种子千 Iris species (iris flower, swallow flower, Xixun) is a kind of highly adaptable ornamental flowers, rich variety, colorful, can be widely applied in the garden, forming a beautiful natural landscape. It is suitable for different varieties of dry land, water and other ecological environment, is a kind of application of high value-added garden flowers. I. Biological characteristics and ecological habits 1. Iris Sanguinea Xixun perennial herbaceous plants, with rhizomes, strains 40-50cm high, basal leaves, leaves thin and flat, not obvious in the midrib, scape from the leaves in the plexus out, There are 2-3 purple or white flowers on the flower diameter of up to 10-12cm, seed weight of 14.1g 1000, sowing seedlings in the second year about 50% of the flowering. Hi light, cold, drought, planting flowering May, sowing, ramets breeding. 2. Swallow flower Iris Laevigata perennial herb, with thick rhizomes, leaves wide strip, yellow-green, flower top 2-4 flowers, color white, purple and other colors, flower diameter larger, about 15cm, strong less. Hi light, hi water stains, slightly acidic soil, wetlands and riverbank wetlands grow better, can also grow in shallow water, flowering 5-6 months. Seeding, ramets breeding. 3. Iris ensata perennial herb Iris ensata, with strong rhizomes, leaf bar-shaped, midrib obvious, thick, stems with flowers on the top, large flower diameter, up to 15-17cm, color white, red, pink , Purple, moldings, spots and other colors, flowering May-June, thousands of seeds