张献忠是明末著名的农民起义将领,关于他的籍贯有5种说法,即延安卫、延安府、肤施县、米脂县和榆林。在考辨有关籍贯的诸史料基础上,结合张献忠的户籍、起事前的职业等史料,笔者认为,张献忠是延安卫所辖的卫籍民户。究其原因,既与明朝在张献忠所居住的柳树涧实行的行政、军政两大管理系统存在关联,也与当时边疆地区的户籍管理制度和北边防御体制(延绥镇建置)有密切关系,还与张献忠“据米脂十八寨起兵”有关。张献忠所从事的职业和生活的环境是当时陕北民众的缩影,陕北成为明末农民起义首倡地也就不难理解了。 Zhang Xianzhong was a well-known peasant uprising general in the late Ming Dynasty. There are five versions of his native place, Yan’an Wei, Yan’an Prefecture, Fuchu County, Mizhi County and Yulin. Based on the historical data about the native place and the historical data of Zhang Xianzhong’s domicile and pre-career, the author believes that Zhang Xianzhong is a civil servant under the jurisdiction of Yan’an Wei. The reason is not only related to the two administrative systems of Mingzhu, Liu Shujian, in which Zhang Xianzhong resides, but also the household registration management system in the frontier areas and the defense system in the north of Yansuizi Town , But also with Zhang Xianzhong “According to Mi Zhibi Zhai Zhaobing ” related. Zhang Xianzhong engaged in occupation and living environment was a microcosm of people in northern Shaanxi, northern Shaanxi became the first advocate of peasant uprising in the Ming Dynasty is not difficult to understand.