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长期以来,清代后妃研究一直是人们关注的热点,特别是关于后妃制度、具体人物、宫廷斗争等有诸多的研究成果问世,但对于清入关前即努尔哈赤与皇太极时期的后妃研究,大都视为一体很少述及,或从人物个体入手,缺乏整体意识。因此类现象具有一定的代表性,故笔者根据相关档案、史料,通过对清初后妃之制形成过程中努尔哈赤与皇太极后妃在构成、等级、来源及衣、食、住、行、娱乐、宫廷政治活动等各个方面逐一比较,清晰地展现出清初后妃生活所特有的时代文化印记:既有其自身女真(满族)文化的延续与发展,也有对蒙古文化和汉文化吸收的融合。从宏观角度看,努尔哈赤时期更倾向于效法蒙古文化,而皇太极时期则以效法明朝的汉文化为著。
For a long time, research on the imperial concubines in the Qing Dynasty has always been a hot spot for people’s attention. In particular, there are many research results on the imperial concubine system, specific figures and court struggles. However, most of the researches on the concubines of Nurhachu and Huangtaiji during the Qing Dynasty, As one rarely mentioned, or start from the individual characters, the lack of overall awareness. Therefore, based on the relevant archives and historical materials, the author analyzed the composition, rank, origin, clothing, food, shelter, entertainment and court in the process of the formation of the concubine system in the early Qing Dynasty. Political activities and other aspects of each one by one, clearly shows the Empress Dowager Qing Dynasty unique cultural imprint of the times: both its own Jurchen (Manchu) culture of continuity and development, but also on the fusion of Mongolian culture and Han culture. From a macro perspective, Nurhachu prefers to imitate Mongolian culture, while Huangtaiji was based on the Ming dynasty’s Han culture.