这篇文章是谈对发展中国家在1973—1978年时期和1978—1983年时期对外部冲击的政策反应的研究成果。这些冲击包括与油价上涨紧密相联的贸易条件效应,由衰退引起的世界贸易增长速度放慢所造成的出口量效应,以及在第二个时期由于国际金融市场利率上升而引起的利率效应。发展中国家对这些外部冲击的政策反应主要采取如下形式:其一是增加净外部 This article is the result of research on the policy responses of developing countries to external shocks during the periods 1973-1978 and 1978-1983. These shocks include the effects of the terms of trade closely linked to rising oil prices, the export volume effect caused by the slowdown in the growth of world trade caused by the recession and the interest rate effect caused by the rise in the interest rates of international financial markets in the second period. The policy responses of developing countries to these external shocks mainly take the following form: One is to increase the net externalities