Micro RNAs(mi RNA)是一类长度为19~25nt的内源性非编码RNA,主要参与调节基因转录后水平的表达。研究发现mi RNAs在卵巢组织中广泛表达,在卵巢功能调节过程中发挥着重要的作用。近年来,越来越多的证据表明,mi RNAs与多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)关系密切。mi RNA表达水平的变化与PCOS患者甾体激素调节紊乱、高雄激素血症、胰岛素抵抗及不孕症等主要表现有关。将来,mi RNAs有望成为PCOS疾病诊断和预后评估的潜在生物学标志物,可为PCOS的治疗提供新思路。 MicroRNAs (mi RNAs) are a group of endogenous non-coding RNAs 19 to 25 nt in length that are mainly involved in the regulation of post-transcriptional gene expression. The study found that miRNAs are widely expressed in ovarian tissues and play an important role in the regulation of ovarian function. In recent years, more and more evidences indicate that miRNAs are closely related to PCOS. The changes of miRNA expression are related to the main manifestations of disorders such as steroid hormone regulation, hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance and infertility in PCOS patients. In the future, mi RNAs are expected to be potential biological markers for the diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of PCOS, which can provide new ideas for the treatment of PCOS.