2015年5月,巴西出现寨卡病毒本土传播现象,其主要传播媒介是受到感染的埃及伊蚊。此后疫情迅速扩散至全国,成为一起严重的突发性公共卫生事件。鉴于该事件对巴西民众、社会及国家形象的严重影响,巴西政府采取了一系列应急管理措施,如构筑全国管理行动网络进行统一协调和指挥,对疫情进行全面监控并动员全社会积极灭蚊,前后投放数万吨杀虫剂并采取各种高科技手段,在举办奥运会项目的城市采取特别行动保证游客及运动员免受寨卡病毒侵袭。此外,巴西政府大力支持寨卡病毒快速诊断技术及相关疫苗的研发,加强对寨卡病毒并发症小头症及其危害的研究,重点关注孕妇和育龄女性,积极救助新生儿小头症患者。巴西政府的积极行动取得了初步成效,疫情基本得到控制;备受瞩目的里约奥运会如期成功举办,没有运动员和教练员感染寨卡病毒。但与此同时,巴西应对寨卡疫情的部分措施也引起一些非议,需要他国予以注意。 In May 2015, the indigenous spread of Zika virus in Brazil was reported, with the main transmission medium being Aedes aegypti. Since then, the epidemic spread rapidly to the whole country and became a serious and unexpected public health incident. In view of the serious impact of the incident on the Brazilian people, society and the country, the Brazilian government has taken a series of emergency management measures, such as establishing a national regulatory network of action for unified coordination and command, comprehensive monitoring of the outbreak and mobilization of the entire community to actively eliminate mosquitoes, Tens of thousands of tons of insecticide before and after the launch and take all kinds of high-tech means, in the city hosting the Olympic Games project to take special action to ensure that tourists and athletes from Zika virus attack. In addition, the Brazilian government strongly supports the research and development of rapid diagnosis of Zika virus and related vaccines, and further studies on the microcracking and its harmful effects of Zika virus complication, with a focus on pregnant women and women of childbearing age, and actively assisting patients with microcephaly. The Brazilian government made some initial positive results. The outbreak was basically controlled. The highly anticipated Rio Olympic Games was successfully held as scheduled. No athletes and coaches were infected with Zika virus. In the meantime, however, some measures taken by Brazil to deal with the Zika epidemic have also caused some criticisms and need the attention of other countries.