１９世纪末２０世纪初，伴随西方列强铁船火炮的侵略和大量商品及资本的涌入，近代西方思想文化也开始在中国广泛传播和渗透。建立于日益发达的商品经济基础上的近代西方文化与建立于长期宗法氏族社会基础之上的中国传统文化，形成激烈碰撞。这使中国传统文化受到空前的挑战。? In the late 19th century and early 20th century, along with the invasion by the Western powers of the iron boat artillery and the influx of a large number of commodities and capital, the modern Western ideology and culture began to spread and permeated extensively in China. The modern Western culture based on the increasingly developed commodity economy and the traditional Chinese culture based on the long-term patriarchal clan society formed a fierce collision. This has given Chinese traditional culture an unprecedented challenge. ?