对富士苹果（Ｍａｌｕｓ　ｐｕｍｉｌａ　Ｍｉｌｌ．ｃｖ．Ｆｕｊｉ）ＲＡＰＤ（Ｒａｎｄｏｍ　Ａｍｐｌｉｆｉｅｄ　Ｐｏｌｙｍｏｒｐｈｉｃ　ＤＮＡ）分析体系的优化研究表明，ＲＡＰＤ反应体系中，ＤＮＡ、Ｔａｑ酶、引物和Ｍｇ２＋４种主要成分的最适用量分别为：２０ｎｇ、１．０ Ｕ、０．２ｕｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１和３．０ｕｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１。采用该优化体系，以 ＯＰＪ０３为引物，构建了我国及世界范围内苹果生产中重要的２８个品种的ＲＡＰＤ指纹图谱，分析了其遗传多样性，区分了供试的２８个苹果品种中的１５个，区分率达５３．６％。讨论了ＲＡＰＤ鉴定苹果品种的应用及其主要影响因素。 The optimization of RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) analysis system showed that the optimum amount of DNA, Taq enzyme, primer and Mg2 + 4 main components in RAPD reaction system were 20ng , 1.0 U, 0.2umol·L-1 and 3.0umol·L-1. Using this optimized system, RAPD fingerprints of 28 important cultivars in apple production in China and around the world were constructed with OPJ03 as the primer, and their genetic diversity was analyzed. Fifteen of the 28 apple cultivars tested , The distinction rate of 53.6%. The application of RAPD to identify apple varieties and its main influencing factors were discussed.