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在原型观测的基础上,应用生态水力学法与生境模拟法,建立对考虑齐口裂腹鱼产卵需求的山区河流水电工程生态基流过程的确定方法,并以四川中型山区河流杂谷脑河薛城电站为背景,对所构建方法进行应用分析。通过原型观测,对生态水力学的齐口裂腹鱼生境水力参数标准在杂谷脑河应用的适宜性进行分析;应用生态水力学方法,对不同河道流量下薛城电站减水河段的齐口裂腹鱼生境水力参数进行数值模拟,根据模拟结果,结合齐口裂腹鱼生境水力参数标准,分析得到薛城电站满足其生存的最小下泄流量;应用生境模拟法,对齐口裂腹鱼产卵期不同河道流量下薛城电站减水河段集中产卵场的可利用生境面积进行计算,得到最大可利用生境面积对应的下泄流量。综合最小下泄流量值与最大可利用生境面积所对应的下泄流量值,考虑齐口裂腹鱼产卵对水文情势的要求,建立薛城电站考虑齐口裂腹鱼产卵需求的生态基流过程。采用所构建方法得到的考虑鱼类产卵需求的水电工程生态基流过程,由于考虑了鱼类生存对最低流量以及产卵对水文情势的要求,能更好地满足鱼类产卵需求,可作为电站运行调度的约束。
On the basis of the prototype observation, this paper established the method of determining ecological basal flow process of mountainous river hydropower project taking into account the spawning demand of Crataegus albacter, based on the methods of ecological hydraulics and habitat simulation. River Xuecheng power station as the background, the application of the method of construction analysis. Based on the prototype observation, the suitability of hydraulic parameters of the ecological parameters of Zoobenthos habitat in the Zagunao River was analyzed. Using the method of ecological hydraulics, Based on the simulation results, combined with the hydraulic parameters of habitats of Schistosoma fuscus, the minimum discharge rate of Xuecheng power plant to meet its survival was obtained. Using the habitat simulation method, The available habitat area of the concentrated spawning grounds of Xuecheng Hydropower Station under different watercourse flows of egg-laying period is calculated, and the discharge flow corresponding to the maximum available habitat area is obtained. Taking into account the discharge flow value corresponding to the minimum discharge flow rate and the maximum available habitat area, considering the hydrological requirements of spawning eggs of Schistosoma fishes, the ecological base flow process considering the spawning demand of Schistosoma japonicum was established . The ecological basal flow process of aquatic engineering considering the spawning demand of fish, which is obtained by the constructed method, can better satisfy the spawning demand of fish because of considering the minimum flow rate of fish survival and the hydrological requirements of laying eggs As a constraint on the operation of the power plant.