依据微粒碰撞产生声波的机理,运用频谱分析法,系统地研究航天电子设备多余物噪声检测过程中各操作变量和微粒物理参数对声波频谱的影响。通过单因素试验,详细分析了微粒粒径、微粒材质属性、振动力学条件中加速度和频率等4个因素对声音信号频谱分布的影响规律。同时,采用正交试验法确定了关键影响因素为微粒材质属性,并提出了微粒材质和粒径识别的可行性。该结果为进一步识别多余物微粒的参数提供了指导依据。 Based on the mechanism of sound wave generated by particle collisions, the influence of various manipulated variables and particle parameters on the acoustic spectrum was studied systematically using spectrum analysis. Through the single factor test, the influences of four factors on the spectral distribution of sound signal are analyzed in detail, including particle size, particle material properties, acceleration and frequency in vibration mechanics condition. At the same time, using orthogonal test to determine the key influencing factors for the properties of the particulate material, and put forward the feasibility of particulate material and particle size identification. The result provides a guideline for further identification of the parameters of the extraneous particles.