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考虑产业升级是解开中国城乡劳动力流动与城乡收入差距悖论的关键。产业级别的高低决定了分工链的长短宽窄以及岗位技能的异同,从而决定了进城民工与城市居民在劳动力市场上的替代补缺关系以及职业报酬差异,进而决定了二元经济背景下城乡居民绝对收入与相对差距。产业级别低时,民工进城使得城乡收入差距缩小,但不可持续;产业级别高时,民工进城使得城乡收入差距持续扩大。上述结论实际上凸显了中国经济结构变迁中发展方式与收入分配的矛盾:产业在持续升级的同时人力资本并未得到有效的均等化,人力资本不均等通过快速的产业升级迅猛地放大了收入不平等。中国要想在初次分配中就实现效率和平等的双赢,使得产业升级与人力资本均等化并驾齐驱是调整经济发展方式的政策必由之路。
Considering the industrial upgrading is the key to solve the paradox of urban-rural labor mobility and urban-rural income disparity. The level of industry determines the length and breadth of the division of labor and job skills similarities and differences, which determines the urban migrant workers and urban residents in the labor market replacement and employment differences and differences in wages, and thus determine the urban and rural absolute economic duality background Income and relative gap. When the industrial level is low, migrant workers enter the city, narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas, but unsustainable. When the industrial level is high, migrant workers entering cities make the income gap between urban and rural areas continuously widen. The above conclusion actually highlights the contradiction between the mode of development and income distribution in the course of China’s economic structural changes: while industries continue to upgrade while human capital is not effectively equalized and human capital is unequal, the income is rapidly amplified through rapid industrial upgrading. equality. In order to achieve a win-win situation of efficiency and equality in the initial distribution, it is necessary for China to adjust its economic development mode by keeping industry upgrading and equalization of human capital in line.