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[目的]探讨碘缺乏病(IDD)健康教育干预方法及策略,评价健康教育干预在IDD防治中作用。[方法]对中小学生、家庭主妇和碘盐零售店主等目标人群开展碘盐鉴别、作文比赛、给家长一封信、发宣传单(画、折页)、知识讲座、播放IDD专题片等多种形式健教干预,在干预前后通过问卷调查、碘盐监测评价效果。[结果]健康教育干预前后分别调查学生3116人、3011人,IDD知识及格率由7.5%上升到91.0%(P﹤0.005);食盐有碘率由96.6%上升到99.4%(P﹤0.005)。干预前后分别调查家庭主妇761人、754人,IDD知识及格率由45.2%上升到99.3%(P﹤0.005);食盐有碘率由98.2%上升到99.9%(P﹤0.005)。[结论]在中小学生和家庭主妇等目标人群中开展IDD健康教育干预对提高其IDD防治知识和巩固IDD防治成效有明显效果。
[Objective] To explore methods and strategies of health education intervention for idiopathic iodine deficiency disease (IDD) and to evaluate the role of health education intervention in the prevention and treatment of IDD. [Method] Carrying out iodine salt discrimination and essay competition for primary and secondary school students, housewives and retailers such as iodized salt, giving parents a letter, issuing leaflets (drawing and folding), lectures on knowledge and broadcasting IDD feature films The form of health education intervention, before and after the intervention through the questionnaire, iodized salt monitoring evaluation effect. [Results] Before and after the intervention of health education, 3116 students and 3011 students were investigated respectively. The passing rate of IDD knowledge rose from 7.5% to 91.0% (P <0.005). The iodine rate of salt increased from 96.6% to 99.4% (P <0.005). 761 and 754 housewives were investigated before and after the intervention. The passing rate of IDD knowledge rose from 45.2% to 99.3% (P <0.005). The iodine rate of salt increased from 98.2% to 99.9% (P <0.005). [Conclusion] To carry out IDD health education intervention among target population such as schoolchildren and housewives has obvious effect on improving their knowledge of IDD prevention and treatment and consolidating the prevention and treatment effect of IDD.