目的对南方红豆杉枝叶及根进行生药鉴定研究。方法采用性状、显微鉴定及色谱法。结果南方红豆杉叶具黄绿色气孔带,分布于下表皮中脉两侧;每条气孔带由11~13列气孔组成,气孔指数0.074~0.085;转输管胞成团呈翼状位于维管束两侧,棕色块大小不一,随处可见,偶见草酸钙方晶砂晶。枝外韧型维管束,木质部发达,具髓部;纤维和薄壁细胞上可见草酸钙砂晶附着。南方红豆杉根木质部发达,约占整个横切面的1/2,管胞呈放射状排列,木射线及韧皮射线细胞多为1列,纤维多见,可见散在内生真菌菌丝及石细胞,菌丝较为集中地分布于根被细胞。TLC结果表明南方红豆杉中10-脱乙酰巴卡亭III含量相对较大。结论南方红豆杉叶气孔带、转输管胞及嵌晶纤维可作为其鉴别特征,10-脱乙酰巴卡亭III可以作为薄层鉴定的主要依据。 OBJECTIVE To study the crude drug identification of the branches and leaves of Taxus chinensis. Methods Using traits, microscopic identification and chromatography. Results The yew tree had yellow-green stomatal band and distributed on both sides of midrib of lower epidermis. Each stomatal band consisted of 11 ~ 13 stomatal pores with a stomatal index of 0.074 ~ 0.085. , Brown blocks of different sizes, everywhere, and occasionally calcium oxalate crystal sand crystal. Branch outside the tough vascular bundles, xylem developed, with medulla; fiber and parenchyma cells visible on the calcium oxalate sand crystal attachment. Southern Taxus root xylem developed, accounting for about 1/2 of the entire cross section, tracheids were arranged radially, wood ray and phloem ray cells are mostly 1, more common fibers, visible endophytic fungal mycelium and stone cells, Hyphae more concentrated in the root by the cells. The TLC results showed that the content of 10-deacetylbaccatin III in Taxus chinensis was relatively large. Conclusions The stomatal band, transfusion tracheids and cristal fibers of Taxus chinensis var.mairei can be used as the distinguishing characteristics. 10-deacetylbaccatin III can be used as the main basis for the identification of lamellae.