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原虫病滴虫病(Trichomoniasis):硝基咪唑类仍是临床上治疗滴虫病的主要药物。目前认为,甲硝哒唑(灭滴灵,Metronidazole)或磺甲硝咪唑(Tinidazole)以1.8～2.0g的单剂疗法比用小剂量5～7天的疗法为好。硝基咪唑类选择性毒性的机制也已有报道,特别注意到在滴虫病和阿米巴痢疾方面的发现,甲硝哒唑的还原代谢产物与DNA结合,对于一个高A+T的含量是必需的。生化实验证明,在牛毛滴虫中的氢酶体(Hydrogenosome)的结构和代谢作用随虫体对甲硝哒唑产生抗药性而变化。这与阴道滴虫的抗药性不同,后者仅在氧的存在下发生另一方式的变化。有三种抗生素对阴道滴虫呈现活性,如toromycine和环羟肟酸有体外活性,penta-mycin则已在临床上用作阴道片剂。贾第虫病(Giardiasis):仅有三只药物可
Trichomoniasis: Nitroimidazoles are still the mainstay of clinical treatment for trichomoniasis. It is presently believed that metronidazole or tinidazole is better than a single dose of 1.8-2.0 g versus a lower dose of 5-7 d. Mechanisms for the selective toxicity of nitroimidazoles have also been reported, with particular attention given to the discovery of trichomoniasis and amoebic dysentery. The reduced metabolite of metronidazole binds to DNA and for a high A + T content is compulsory. Biochemical experiments showed that the structure and metabolism of Hydrogenosome in Trichomonas vaginalis changed with the drug resistance of metronidazole to the parasite. This is different from the resistance of vaginal trichomoniasis, which changes only another way in the presence of oxygen. Three antibiotics are active against Trichomonas vaginalis, such as toromycine and hydroxamic acid, and penta-mycin is clinically used as a vaginal tablet. Giardiasis: Only three drugs are available