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一、引言尾矿坝是冶金、化工、电力、煤炭等存放工业废弃物(尾矿)的场所。由于尾矿堆积坝是由颗粒很细又不均匀的尾矿堆积而成,所以其排水性能很弱。随着尾矿坝的逐渐筑高,尾矿池内的冰位(即补给水位)也逐渐升高,而坝体的渗透能力却逐渐减弱,致使其浸润线随之抬高,甚至坝外坡逸出。轻者使坝坡面沼泽化、管涌,重者在短期内造成大量尾矿外流,形成深坑式裂缝。例如江西某矿一号坝于1973年堆积高至51米时,
I. INTRODUCTION Tailings dam is a place where metallurgical, chemical, electric power, coal and other industrial waste (tailings) are stored. The tailings dam is poorly drained because it is made of very fine and uneven tailings. With the gradual build-up of the tailings dam, the ice level in the tailing pond (ie, the recharge water level) gradually increases, while the permeability of the dam gradually diminishes, causing the saturation line to rise and even the outer slope of the dam to escape . The light of the dam slope swamp, piping, heavy persons in the short term caused a large number of tailings outflow, the formation of deep pit-type cracks. For example, a mine in Jiangxi Province, a dam in the accumulation of up to 51 meters in 1973,