生殖道沙眼衣原体感染是最常见的性传播疾病之一,明确诊断需依据实验室检测。由于患者早期症状多不明显,而女性持续或反复感染常导致严重并发症,因而早诊断、及时有效的规范化治疗并追踪随访对患者具有十分重要的意义。近年来核酸扩增等分子生物学技术的发展和标本取材方法的改进都极大地推动了沙眼衣原体感染的筛查,目前最好的公共健康干预手段是增加筛查率和积极治疗感染者,同时不能忽视性健康教育为基础的一级预防。 Chlamydia trachomatis infection of the genital tract is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases, a clear diagnosis based on laboratory tests. As the early symptoms of patients is not obvious, and women often or repeatedly caused by frequent infections lead to serious complications, and thus early diagnosis, timely and effective standardization of treatment and follow-up of patients with great significance. In recent years, the development of molecular biology techniques such as nucleic acid amplification and the improvement of specimen collection methods have greatly promoted the screening of Chlamydia trachomatis infections. At present, the best public health intervention measures are to increase the screening rate and actively treat the infected patients, meanwhile, Can not ignore sexual health education as the basis of primary prevention.