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现在完成时是初中英语语法的重点和难点之一,也是历年中考英语中的一个重要考点｡本文拟对2006年全国部分省市的中考英语试题对现在完成时的考查作一归纳和简析, 供同学们复习时参考｡(下面加横线的备选项为正确答案)
[考点一] 考查现在完成时的基本用法
[试题精选]
1. Sam _____ his homework yet, so he won’t go out with his classmates.
A. finishes B. hasn’t finished
C. has finished D. don’t finish.(武威市課改卷)
2. —What are you going to do this Sunday?
—I_____yet.
A. won’t decide B. didn’t decide
C. haven’t decided D. don’t decide(绍兴市)
3. —Kitty, will you go to see the film Cold Mountain this evening?
—No, I won’t. I_____it already.
A. saw B. have seen C. see D. will see(南京市)
4. —You don’t look well. You’d better see the doctor.
—Oh, I_____ . He said nothing was wrong with me.
A. will B. have C. do(佳木斯市)
5. —Do you want to see the film Harry Porter II?
—The film Harry Porter II? I_____it. It’s really wonderful.
A. see B. have seen
C. was seeing D. had seen(温州市)
6. —Where’s Sam?
—He_____for France.
A. had left B. has left
C. 1eft D. will leave(泰州市)
7. —Haven’t I told you to do your homework as carefully as you can?
—Yes, but I_____fewer mistakes than I usually do.
A. was making B. have made
C. will make D. had made(青岛市)
[简析]现在完成时可以用来表示一个动作发生在过去,并终止于过去, 但其结果对现在仍有影响｡句中常含有 already(已经), just(刚刚), yet(已经､还), ever(曾经), never(从不), before(以前)等明确的时态标志｡有时句中虽然没有明确的时态标志,但上下文却暗示动作发生在过去并对现在有影响｡
[试题精选]
1. —Our country_____a lot so far.
—Yes, I hope it will be even_____ .
A. has changed; well B. have changed； good
C. have changed； better D. has changed； better(包头市)
2. Jenny_____with a Chinese family for two years. Now she’s used to the life in China.
A. stays B. would stay C. is staying D. has stayed(上海市)
3. The life we were used to_____greatly since 1992.
A. change B. has changed
C. changing D. have changed(苏州市)
[简析]现在完成时也可以用来表示一个动作或状态从过去某时开始,一直延续到现在,并有可能继续进行下去｡这种现在完成时的句子中常含有 recently/these days, so far, up till now,“in the last/past + 一段时间”,“for + 一段时间”或“since + 时间点/谓语动词为一般过去时的句子”等时间状语｡
[考点二] 考查 have/has gone to， have/has been to 与 have/has been in/at 的区别
[试题精选]
1. Meimei is away. She with her mother_____to Jingpo Lake for a holiday.
A. has gone B. have gone C. has been(佳木斯市)
2. —Where’s your father?
—He_____Shanghai. He’ll be back next week.
A. has gone to B. has been to
C. have gone to D. have been to(吉林省)
3. —Where can I find Jack?
—He_____the post office.
A. has been to B. had been to
C. has gone to D. had gone to(武汉市课改卷)
4. Not only his parents but also his grandfather_____to a lot of places of interest in our country since they came here.
A. has gone B. has been
C. have gone D. have been(常州市)
5. I_____to Canada twice. It’s so beautiful.
A. won’t go B. have gone
C. don’t go D. have been(天津市)
6. —Is that Chris speaking?
—Sorry, he isn’t in. He_____abroad on business.
A. goes B. went
C. has gone D. will go(安徽省课改卷)
7. —You are leaving your school. How do you like it?
—Very much, of course. I_____this school since I moved there.
A. came to B. have gone to
C. have been at D. have been to(黄冈市)
[简析] have/has gone to, have/has been to 和 have/has been in/at 后面都可以接表示地點的名词,但其含义和用法却不相同｡ have/has gone to 意为“(某人)去某地了,现在还没有回来”,一般主语为第三人称; have /has been to 意为“(某人)去过某地,已经回来了”｡ have/has been in/at 表示“(某人)已在某地多长时间,目前人还在某地”｡其中 have/has gone to 主要与 already, just 连用, have/has been to 则与 ever, twice, before 等词语连用, have/has been in(at)... 须与表示一段时间的状语连用｡
[考点三] 考查延续性动词与非延续性动词在现在完成时中的运用
[试题精选]
1. —How long_____the film Kong Fu_____ ?
—For just several minutes.
A. did; begin B. has; begun
C. has; been on(哈尔滨市)
2. My father_____on business for two weeks. He’ll return in 3 days.
A. left B. has left
C. has gone D. has been away(河北省课改卷)
3. —They say there’s a new restaurant nearby.
—Yes, and it_____for no more than a week.
A. has been open B. opens
C. is opening D. is opened(河南省)
4. —How long have you_____the book?
—For several weeks.
A. bought B. borrowed C. lent D. had(青岛市)
5. —Sorry, I’m late. When_____the meeting_____ ?
—Oh, It_____for ten minutes.
A. did, begin; has begun B. did, begin; has been on
C. has, begun; has begun D. was, began; began(天门市)
[简析] 延续性动词与非延续性动词都可以用于现在完成时,但非延续性动词用于现在完成时时,除否定形式外,一般不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,而延续性动词则可以和“for + 一段时间”或“since + 时间点/谓语动词为一般过去时的句子”连用｡因此,在一般情况下,我们可以根据时间状语来确定现在完成时句子中的谓语动词是用延续性动词还是用非延续性动词｡
[考点一] 考查现在完成时的基本用法
[试题精选]
1. Sam _____ his homework yet, so he won’t go out with his classmates.
A. finishes B. hasn’t finished
C. has finished D. don’t finish.(武威市課改卷)
2. —What are you going to do this Sunday?
—I_____yet.
A. won’t decide B. didn’t decide
C. haven’t decided D. don’t decide(绍兴市)
3. —Kitty, will you go to see the film Cold Mountain this evening?
—No, I won’t. I_____it already.
A. saw B. have seen C. see D. will see(南京市)
4. —You don’t look well. You’d better see the doctor.
—Oh, I_____ . He said nothing was wrong with me.
A. will B. have C. do(佳木斯市)
5. —Do you want to see the film Harry Porter II?
—The film Harry Porter II? I_____it. It’s really wonderful.
A. see B. have seen
C. was seeing D. had seen(温州市)
6. —Where’s Sam?
—He_____for France.
A. had left B. has left
C. 1eft D. will leave(泰州市)
7. —Haven’t I told you to do your homework as carefully as you can?
—Yes, but I_____fewer mistakes than I usually do.
A. was making B. have made
C. will make D. had made(青岛市)
[简析]现在完成时可以用来表示一个动作发生在过去,并终止于过去, 但其结果对现在仍有影响｡句中常含有 already(已经), just(刚刚), yet(已经､还), ever(曾经), never(从不), before(以前)等明确的时态标志｡有时句中虽然没有明确的时态标志,但上下文却暗示动作发生在过去并对现在有影响｡
[试题精选]
1. —Our country_____a lot so far.
—Yes, I hope it will be even_____ .
A. has changed; well B. have changed； good
C. have changed； better D. has changed； better(包头市)
2. Jenny_____with a Chinese family for two years. Now she’s used to the life in China.
A. stays B. would stay C. is staying D. has stayed(上海市)
3. The life we were used to_____greatly since 1992.
A. change B. has changed
C. changing D. have changed(苏州市)
[简析]现在完成时也可以用来表示一个动作或状态从过去某时开始,一直延续到现在,并有可能继续进行下去｡这种现在完成时的句子中常含有 recently/these days, so far, up till now,“in the last/past + 一段时间”,“for + 一段时间”或“since + 时间点/谓语动词为一般过去时的句子”等时间状语｡
[考点二] 考查 have/has gone to， have/has been to 与 have/has been in/at 的区别
[试题精选]
1. Meimei is away. She with her mother_____to Jingpo Lake for a holiday.
A. has gone B. have gone C. has been(佳木斯市)
2. —Where’s your father?
—He_____Shanghai. He’ll be back next week.
A. has gone to B. has been to
C. have gone to D. have been to(吉林省)
3. —Where can I find Jack?
—He_____the post office.
A. has been to B. had been to
C. has gone to D. had gone to(武汉市课改卷)
4. Not only his parents but also his grandfather_____to a lot of places of interest in our country since they came here.
A. has gone B. has been
C. have gone D. have been(常州市)
5. I_____to Canada twice. It’s so beautiful.
A. won’t go B. have gone
C. don’t go D. have been(天津市)
6. —Is that Chris speaking?
—Sorry, he isn’t in. He_____abroad on business.
A. goes B. went
C. has gone D. will go(安徽省课改卷)
7. —You are leaving your school. How do you like it?
—Very much, of course. I_____this school since I moved there.
A. came to B. have gone to
C. have been at D. have been to(黄冈市)
[简析] have/has gone to, have/has been to 和 have/has been in/at 后面都可以接表示地點的名词,但其含义和用法却不相同｡ have/has gone to 意为“(某人)去某地了,现在还没有回来”,一般主语为第三人称; have /has been to 意为“(某人)去过某地,已经回来了”｡ have/has been in/at 表示“(某人)已在某地多长时间,目前人还在某地”｡其中 have/has gone to 主要与 already, just 连用, have/has been to 则与 ever, twice, before 等词语连用, have/has been in(at)... 须与表示一段时间的状语连用｡
[考点三] 考查延续性动词与非延续性动词在现在完成时中的运用
[试题精选]
1. —How long_____the film Kong Fu_____ ?
—For just several minutes.
A. did; begin B. has; begun
C. has; been on(哈尔滨市)
2. My father_____on business for two weeks. He’ll return in 3 days.
A. left B. has left
C. has gone D. has been away(河北省课改卷)
3. —They say there’s a new restaurant nearby.
—Yes, and it_____for no more than a week.
A. has been open B. opens
C. is opening D. is opened(河南省)
4. —How long have you_____the book?
—For several weeks.
A. bought B. borrowed C. lent D. had(青岛市)
5. —Sorry, I’m late. When_____the meeting_____ ?
—Oh, It_____for ten minutes.
A. did, begin; has begun B. did, begin; has been on
C. has, begun; has begun D. was, began; began(天门市)
[简析] 延续性动词与非延续性动词都可以用于现在完成时,但非延续性动词用于现在完成时时,除否定形式外,一般不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,而延续性动词则可以和“for + 一段时间”或“since + 时间点/谓语动词为一般过去时的句子”连用｡因此,在一般情况下,我们可以根据时间状语来确定现在完成时句子中的谓语动词是用延续性动词还是用非延续性动词｡