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民族志实地调查是社会文化人类学与其他社会科学相区别的重要特征,也是一个人由人类学学生向人类学家转变的标志。我们中的绝大多数人都曾做过以下这些事情:下决心做好一切准备,装点好旅行包,带着对实地调查的各种迷离扑朔的揣测,怀着那些尚未成熟但自己却已企望过甚的研究设想,出发到蛮荒之地去为人类学的神圣目标、为了解另一种通常不为人知的文化作一番单枪匹马的探索(solitary quests)。这种调查方式被冠以一个不说神秘至少也很特别的名称——“参与观察”,意指通过长期的共居生活,沉浸到另一民族社会中去。但这一名称还意味着什么,人们并不明确,尤其我们当中那些未受过实地调查训练的人更是如此。
Ethnic ethnographic investigation is an important feature that distinguishes sociocultural anthropology from other social sciences and is also a sign of the transformation of anthropologists from anthropologists to anthropologists. The vast majority of us have done the following: Determined to do all we can to prepare a trip bag, with all the confusion on the spot investigation speculation, with those who are not yet mature but they have It is hoped that the very idea of research, starting to the wild to go to the sacred goal of anthropology, to explore another generally unknown culture for a solitary quest. This method of investigation, crowned with a mysterious, at least very special name, “participatory observation,” means immersion in another ethnic community through long-term cohabitation. But what that name means, people are not clear, especially among those of us who have not been trained in field surveys.