方位词用于表达物体间的位置关系,属于一个封闭的小类。本文探讨汉语方位词系统在不同历史阶段演变的大致轮廓,包括方位词在汉语方言中的不同用法和含义。文章用原型模式揭示了汉语方位词从定向性>泛向性的语义演变规律:即在重新解释的过程中,绝大部分方位词原有的特殊和原型意义都逐渐转变为一般意义。这种定向性>泛向性的语义演变规律,同样适用于对现代汉语方言句法演变和语义演变的解释。 Location words are used to express the positional relationship between objects and belong to a closed subclass. This article explores the general outline of the evolution of Chinese locative word system in different historical periods, including the different usages and meanings of directional words in Chinese dialects. In the process of reinterpretation, most of the original special and archetypal meanings of locative words are gradually transformed into general meanings. This directional> pan-oriented semantic evolution law is also applicable to the interpretation of the syntactic evolution and semantic evolution of modern Chinese dialects.