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1.高年初产妇:高年初产妇在孕期和分娩时发生异常情况较多,此点,产科医生早已熟知。据Randall和Taylor报道,35岁以上的初产妇,发生高血压、妊娠中毒症和需产科手术者较对照组高2～10倍。Stanton报告44岁以上的初产妇流产率为33%,产程达30小时以上者较对照组增加10倍,妊娠中毒症增加3倍,葡萄胎增加20倍。此外死产和新生儿死亡率增加9倍,先天愚型和危及生命的先天异常发生率8倍于20～30岁的对照组。围产儿死亡率,30岁以上初产妇开始增加,35岁以上者增加达2倍之多。2,500克以下低体重儿出生率20～29岁年龄组为5.8%,30～34岁组为5.9%,35～39岁组则增至8.5%,40岁以上者达12%(围产期死亡率及低体重儿出生率的统计中包括经产妇)。
1. High early primipara: early high maternal early during pregnancy and childbirth abnormalities occur more, this point, obstetrics doctors are already well-known. According to Randall and Taylor, primipara over the age of 35 is 2 to 10 times more likely to develop hypertension, gestational toxicosis and obstetric surgery than the control group. Stanton reported a first trimester abortion rate of 33% for those over 44 years of age, a 10-fold increase in labor over 30 hours, a 3-fold increase in gestosis, and a 20-fold increase in hydatidiform mole. In addition, the rate of stillbirth and neonatal mortality increased 9-fold. The prevalence of Down’s syndrome and life-threatening anomalies was 8 times that of 20-30-year-old controls. Perinatal mortality, primipara above 30 years of age began to increase over 35 years of age increased up to 2 times. Prevalence of low birth weight children below 2,500 grams was 5.8% in the 20-29 age group, 5.9% in the 30-34 age group, 8.5% in the 35-39 age group and 12% in those over 40 years (perinatal mortality rate And birth weight in infants, including maternal).