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此文为曾十余年担任美国第二巡回区上诉法院的大法官列纳·翰德(LeamedHand)于1935年所作的一篇演讲。演讲从探讨法律的概念出发,通过揭示法律语言的模糊性和有限性以及立法者的有界理性,得出法官在捕捉模糊的“公共意志”时永远无法摆脱介于法律文本和个人良知的两难困境的结论。此文发表距今半世纪有余,但其中对法律文字背后的文化观念的重视以及对个人良知、理性和集体意志的深入探讨,相信对处在“变法”过程中的中国的每一位立法者、法官都有不小的意义。
This is a speech made in 1935 by LeamedHand, the judge of the Appeals Court for the Second Circuit in the United States for more than ten years. From the discussion of the concept of law, the speech reveals that the vagueness and limitation of the legal language and the bounded rationality of the legislator mean that the judge can never escape the dilemma of legal texts and personal consciences when capturing the vague “public will” Dilemma conclusion. This article is published more than half a century ago, but the emphasis on the cultural concept behind the legal texts and the in-depth discussion on individual conscience, rationality and collective will believe that every legislator in China who is in the process of “reforming” Judges have a great significance.