传统认为呕血和黑粪是上消化道出血的标志。胃内存血超过300毫升可致呕血,若出血慢,胃存血不够多,一般不呕血。出血60毫升以上,才有黑粪。小量出血粪色如常,仅潜血试验阳性。上消化道出血时,呕血和黑粪仅在部分病例同时存在,多数只有黑粪而无呕血。只有呕 Traditionally, hematemesis and meconium are signs of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Stomach blood more than 300 ml can cause hematemesis, if the bleeding is slow, not enough gastric blood, usually do not hematemesis. Bleeding more than 60 ml, only black manure. A small amount of bleeding fecal color as usual, only occult blood test positive. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding, vomiting and black manure only in some cases exist at the same time, the majority of only black manure without hematemesis. Only vomit