现代计算机网络中包括各种各样的设备和软件。这些设备和软件存在着大量的未知和已知漏洞。漏洞是安全问题的根本,在漏洞面前,攻守双方并不平等,一个弱点被黑客利用,最终可以导致危险在整个网络扩散。漏洞具有的高威胁性、突发性、高破坏性、大规模性的主要特点。地下黑市交易的零日漏洞、厂商设置的后门漏洞以及网络间谍的APT攻击威胁着国家、企业和个人的网络安全。 Modern computer networks include a wide variety of devices and software. There are a number of unknown and known vulnerabilities in these devices and software. Vulnerabilities are the root cause of security problems. Before the loopholes, both the offensive and defensive sides were not equal. One weakness was exploited by hackers, which could eventually lead to the spread of danger across the network. Vulnerability has the main features of high-threat, sudden, highly destructive, large-scale. Zero-day vulnerabilities in underground black market transactions, backdoor vulnerabilities set by vendors and APT attacks by cyber espionage threaten the cyber security of countries, businesses and individuals.