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人民法院的审判活动,审是判的前提,判是审的归宿,两者不可分割。我国刑事诉讼法规定刑事案件实行开庭审理,由合议庭进行评议或者审判委员会讨论决定后作出判决。但是,现在有的法院对重大案件和疑难案件,为了稳妥起见,往往先请示上级法院,待上级法院正式批复或有一个倾向性意见以后,再按上级法院的意图审判。这种“先定后审”或“上定下判”的做法是错误的。1.违反了刑事诉讼法规定的审级原则。刑事诉讼法第7条规定:“人民法院审判案件,实行两审终审制。”无论是公诉案件还是自诉案件,都是从第一审开始的,它是一个独立的审判阶段,由人民法院进行实体上的审理,依法作出一审判决。如果被告人在法定期限内不提出上诉,该判决即可生效。不论哪一级法院,只要是作为第一审对案件进行审判的,就必须严格遵守第一审程序。第二审程序是对未生效的一审判决、裁定进行再审的程序,在刑事诉讼中是又一个独立的诉讼阶段。它不能提前介入一审,更不能包办一审程序的审判活动。当前司法实践中存在的“先定后审”和“上定下判”实际上是二审法院超越法律规定权限提前介入了一审,在二审审判活动尚未开始的情况下干涉和影响了一审的实体判决。
The trial activities of the people’s court are the prerequisites of the trial and the judgment is the final destination of the trial. The two are inseparable. China’s Criminal Procedure Law criminal cases to implement the hearing, the collegiate bench for review or trial committee to decide after the decision. However, in some major cases and difficult cases, some courts often consult the higher courts for reasons of stability. After the higher courts have formally approved or have a proactive opinion, they then try the higher courts. Such a “first trial” or “decree” is wrong. 1. Violation of the principle of trial-level principle set forth in the Code of Criminal Procedure. Article 7 of the Code of Criminal Procedure stipulates that: “The people’s court shall try the case and implement the final adjudication system of the second instance.” Both the prosecution case and the private prosecution case begin with the first trial, which is an independent trial stage conducted by the people The courts conduct substantive hearings and make first instance judgments according to law. If the defendant does not appeal within the statutory time limit, the verdict will take effect. No matter what level of court, as long as it is the first instance of the trial of the case, it must strictly abide by the first instance procedure. The procedure of the second instance is a procedure of retrial of the judgment and decision of the first instance that did not take effect, and it is yet another independent stage of litigation in criminal proceedings. It can not intervene in the first trial, but can not wrap up the trial proceedings of first instance proceedings. In the current judicatory practice, the “first trial and the second trial” and the “second sentence” are actually the second instance court beyond the jurisdiction of the law to intervene in the first trial in advance, the second trial trial has not yet begun under the interference and influence The first instance of the substantive decision.