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高拱坝工程基础地质及地形条件的不对称是威胁拱坝安全的重要问题。以白鹤滩高拱坝作为工程实例,通过地质力学模型试验重点研究基础不对称的高拱坝应力、变形及破坏模式的特点。针对初始方案和改进后方案分别建立三维数值模型,并进行弹塑性有限元超载计算。对比分析两方案坝体变形、坝肩应力分布、局部和整体稳定性等的不同,并结合试验现象,分析和评价针对基础不对称性的改进措施的加固效果及加固机制。结果表明:体形不对称性设计及基础加固的协同作用能有效改善坝体变形对称性、坝肩应力状态和传力效果,并提高拱坝-地基系统的整体稳定性。白鹤滩拱坝不对称性问题的研究对深入高拱坝设计优化和工程加固的认识具有重要意义。
The asymmetry of the basic geological and topographical conditions of the high arch dam project is an important issue that threatens the safety of the arch dam. Taking Baihetan high arch dam as an example, the geomechanical model test is used to study the characteristics of stress, deformation and failure modes of high arch dam with asymmetric foundation. A three-dimensional numerical model is established for the initial scheme and the improved scheme, respectively, and the elasto-plastic finite element calculation is performed. The differences of dam deformation, dam stress distribution, local and overall stability of the two schemes are compared and analyzed. Based on the test phenomena, the reinforcement effect and reinforcement mechanism for the improvement measures of foundation asymmetry are analyzed and evaluated. The results show that the asymmetry design and the synergistic effect of foundation reinforcement can effectively improve the deformation symmetry, dam abutment stress and force transmission, and improve the overall stability of arch dam - foundation system. The research on the asymmetry of Baihetan arch dam is of great significance for the further understanding of design optimization and engineering reinforcement of high arch dam.