用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）技术和病毒分离为主的方法对５０例病毒性脑炎患儿的脑脊液（ＣＳＦ）进行了病原检测，结果显示，单纯疱疹病毒（ＨＳＶ）为重症脑炎的主要病原；柯萨奇病毒（ＣＯＸ）为夏秋季脑炎的主要病原，有时可造成流行。认为ＰＣＲ技术用于脑炎病毒诊断简便、快速，敏感性及特异性均高；病毒分离特异性强，为病毒诊断的一种重要方法 Pathogenesis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in 50 children with viral encephalitis was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and virus isolation. The results showed that herpes simplex virus (HSV) was the major component of severe encephalitis Pathogen; Coxsackie virus (COX) is the main pathogen of summer and autumn encephalitis, and sometimes can cause epidemics. It is considered that the PCR technique is simple, rapid, sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of encephalitis virus. The specificity of virus isolation is an important method for virus diagnosis