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目的:探讨脓毒症患者早期外周血T淋巴细胞亚群(CD3n +、CD4n +、CD8n +)和自然杀伤细胞(natural killer cells,NK细胞)水平与患者肠道损伤和预后的相关性,为临床治疗脓毒症提供免疫治疗依据。n 方法:采用前瞻性的病例对照研究方法,以2018年9月至2019年5月宁夏医科大学总医院重症医学科(ICU)收治的61例脓毒症患者为研究对象(脓毒症组),选择同期17例普通术后非脓毒症患者作为对照(非脓毒症组)。收集所有研究对象入住ICU 24 h内外周静脉血样本,测定T淋巴细胞亚群和NK细胞水平。同时,从脓毒症组中选择既往无慢性胃肠道和慢性肾功能不全的患者35例,测定其和非脓毒症组患者血清肠型脂肪酸结合蛋白(intestinal fatty acid binding protein,I-FABP)、D-乳酸水平。记录所有研究对象的年龄、性别、基础疾病。评估脓毒症组入ICU 24 h内急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ评分),随访患者28 d生存情况。对脓毒症组和非脓毒症组之间T淋巴细胞亚群和NK细胞、I-FABP、D-乳酸水平进行比较,对比存活组和死亡组之间T淋巴细胞亚群和NK细胞水平,采用Spearman相关法分析脓毒症早期血清I-FABP、D-乳酸分别与CD3n +、CD4n +、CD8n +、NK细胞水平的相关性,采用二分类变量多因素Logistic回归分析脓毒症患者死亡的危险因素。n 结果:与非脓毒症组相比,脓毒症组血清I-FABP、D-乳酸水平均升高[I-FABP(μg/L):18.36 (14.75,28.34) n vs 16.17(12.12,18.40),D-乳酸(mg/L):18.70 (10.10,40.60) n vs 8.85(7.10,15.76),均n P0.05)。T淋巴细胞亚群、NK细胞和肠道损伤标志物的相关性分析显示,I-FABP与CD3n +、CD8n +呈负相关(n r值分别为-0.478、-0.415,均n P0.05)。D-乳酸与CD3n +、CD4n +呈负相关(n r值分别为-0.344、-0.423,均n P0.05).Correlation analysis of T lymphocyte subsets, NK cells and intestinal injury markers (n n=35) showed that I-FABP was negatively correlated with CD3n + and CD8n + (n r=-0.478 and n r=-0.415, respectively, both n P0.05). D-lactic acid was negatively correlated with CD3n + and CD4n + (n r=-0.344 and n r=-0.423, respectively, n P<0.05), and positively correlated with NK cells (n r=0.393, n P0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that only the APACHEⅡ score was an independent risk factor for 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis (n OR=1.222, 95%n CI:1.084-1.378, n P0.05).n Conclusions:Immunosuppression can occur in the early stage of sepsis, which is related to intestinal damage, but is not associated with patient prognosis.