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水是人类赖以生活和一切生产活动的不可缺少而又无可代替的物质基础.对一个国家或地区的盛衰兴替,水更是最为宝贵而有限的基本自然资源和保证条件.水也是生态环境平衡的最基本要素.随着人口增长和经济发展,水的问题日益引起全人类的关注.当前水资源已成为世界各国国民经济发展的至关重要的制约因素.我国水资源并不丰裕.按年平均径流量为27000亿m~3,居世界第六位,人均占有水量只有2630m~3,是世界人均水资源占有量的1/4,排世界第88位;且时空分布极不均匀,华北、西北地区人均占有水资源仅为全国人均占有量的1/4,而土地面积却占全国总面积的40%,干旱缺水日益严重.
Water is an indispensable and irreplaceable material foundation upon which mankind depends on life and all production activities, and water is the most precious and limited basic natural resource and guarantee for the prosperity and decline of a country or region. With the population growth and economic development, the water issue has aroused the concern of all mankind day by day.At present, water resources have become the crucial restriction factor of the national economy development of all countries in the world.China’s water resources are not abundant. The annual average runoff is 2.7 trillion m 3, ranking sixth in the world with a per capita water consumption of only 2630 m 3, accounting for 1/4 of the world’s water resources per capita and ranking 88th in the world. The distribution of time and space is extremely uneven In North China and Northwest China, the per capita water resource occupies only 1/4 of the national average, while the land area accounts for 40% of the total area of the country. Drought and water shortage are increasingly serious.