论文部分内容阅读
赛珍珠是美国著名女作家,1938年诺贝尔文学奖获得者,她是第一位因描写中国而获此殊荣的西方作家。赛珍珠出生于美国,却生长在中国。她一直以中国和美国两种生活方式生活,双重文化的生活经验使她身上既有中国传统文化的积淀,又有西方现代文明的熏陶,使她成为双重文化的产物,使她的创作具有了中西双重文化视角。本文将通过分析赛珍珠塑造的中国他者和美国他者形象,说明赛珍珠中国题材小说中的中西两种文化视角。第一,从作品外部来看,赛珍珠选取了西方的文化视角,这首先表现在她作品的选材始终没有逃出中国大地和西方拯救的藩篱。其次,作品的表现手法,即对中国人习以为常的生活方式进行的事无巨细的描写,也充分说明她在中国大地上的“异乡人”身份。第二,从作品内部来看,赛珍珠通过作品主人公——中国人的眼睛看世界,选取了中国的文化视角。作品中西方人怪异的外貌、充满恐惧的现代科技,尤其是匪夷所思的基督教及其传教士的形象,使我们看到了中国农民眼中的西方。严重的种族歧视和颓废的现代都市文明,但是同时,进步的民主思想和先进的科学技术,使我们看到了中国知识分子心目中的西方。其实,赛珍珠塑造的中国他者形象和美国他者形象是紧密相连的,也就是说,当她塑造出意识形态的中国他者时,相应地也塑造出了乌托邦的美国他者;当她塑造出乌托邦的中国他者时,相应地也塑造出了意识形态的美国他者。她塑造了乌托邦的中国他者形象和美国他者形象,肯定了中国传统的乡土生活和部分传统文化,肯定了西方基督教的人道主义精神和以美国为代表的西方现代文明;另一方面,她塑造了意识形态的中国他者形象和美国他者形象,否定了中国的传统封建社会和部分文化陋习,否定了美国在中国的传教活动以及美国的现实社会。总之,赛珍珠在小说中运用中西双重文化视角塑造了中国和美国两个他者形象,站在不同文化的角度对两种文化都进行了反思,并看到每一种文化的优点和不足,从而实现了异国形象“认识自我”与“认识他者”辩证统一的功能。
Pearl S. Buck is a famous American woman writer and winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1938. She is the first western writer who won the honor of describing China. Pearl was born in the United States, but grew up in China. She has been living in both Chinese and American ways of life. Her dual cultural experience brings her both the accumulation of traditional Chinese culture and the influence of modern Western civilization, making her a product of dual culture that has enabled her to create Chinese and Western dual culture perspective. This article will analyze the two Chinese cultures in the Chinese novels of Pearl S. Buck by analyzing the image of Pearl S. Buck and the American Other. First, judging from the outside of the work, Pearl S. Buck chose a Western cultural perspective. This was first demonstrated by the fact that her selection of works never failed to escape the enclave of China and the rescue of the West. Secondly, the performance of works, that is, the detailed description of what the Chinese are accustomed to means of life, also fully illustrates her identity as a “stranger” in the land of China. Second, judging from the inside of the work, Pearl S. Buck inspects the world through the eyes of the Chinese people and selects the cultural perspective of China. The weird appearance of Western and Chinese works, the modern science and technology full of fear, especially the incredible images of Christians and their missionaries show us the West in the eyes of Chinese peasants. Serious racial discrimination and decadent modern urban civilization, at the same time, the progressive democratic thinking and advanced science and technology make us see the western minds of Chinese intellectuals. Actually, Pearl Buck’s shape of the Chinese Other is closely linked with that of the American Other, that is, when she molds the ideologically Chinese Other, it correspondingly shapes the utopian American Other; when she The shaping of the utopian Chinese other, correspondingly, also shaped the ideological American Other. She has shaped Utopia’s image of the Other in China and the image of the Other in the United States, affirmed the traditional Chinese native life and some traditional cultures, affirmed the humanitarian spirit of Western Christianity and the Western modern civilization represented by the United States. On the other hand, Shaping the ideological image of the Other in China and the image of the Other in the United States, denying China’s traditional feudal society and some cultural practices, denying the United States’ missionary activities in China and the real society in the United States. In short, Pearl Buck used the perspective of Chinese and Western cultures to create the image of the two other countries in China and the United States. From the perspective of different cultures, Pearl Buck reviewed both cultures and saw the merits and demerits of each culture. Thus realizing the function of the dialectical unity of the foreign image “self ” and “understanding the other ”.