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[目的]了解老年人的孤独现状,探讨孤独的影响因素。[方法]采用整群抽样法在安徽省某地区抽取一街道和一行政村实足年龄在60岁及以上常住老年人,用自制调查表(包括孤独评定量表(UCLA)、家庭功能量表(APGAR)、社会支持量表等)对目标人群进行调查,并运用Epidata3.1和SPSS13.0对有效问卷进行统计分析。[结果]孤独评分平均为(42.76±8.95)分。在所调查的项目中,职业为医务人员、高年龄组、居住城镇、文化程度低、未婚或离异及分居、子女很不孝顺、无权支配经济、睡眠质量差、重度和极重度起居困难、从不参加娱乐活动、吸烟者、家庭功能和社会支持差的老年人,孤独评分较高。多元逐步回归分析结果表明,社会支持、家庭功能、起居困难程度和睡眠质量等变量对预测孤独有统计学意义P﹤0.001),其中社会支持的作用最强。[结论]社会支持、家庭功能、起居困难程度和睡眠质量等是影响老年人孤独的重要因素,社会和家庭应采取有效措施以减轻老年人孤独,从而顺利实现健康老龄化进程。
[Objective] To understand the status quo of loneliness in old people and explore the influencing factors of loneliness. [Methods] The cluster sampling method was used to extract a street and an administrative village in a certain area of Anhui Province for the elderly aged above 60 years old and above, with self-made questionnaire (including the lone rating scale (UCLA), family function scale APGAR), social support scale, etc.) to investigate the target population and use Epidata3.1 and SPSS13.0 statistical analysis of valid questionnaires. [Results] The average score of loneliness was (42.76 ± 8.95) points. Among the projects under investigation, the occupations are medical staff, high age groups, living in urban areas, people with low education, unmarried or divorced children, filial piety, no right to dominate the economy, poor quality of sleep, severe and extreme difficulty in living, Older people who never participate in recreational activities, smokers, poor family functioning and social support, have high scores of loneliness. Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that variables such as social support, family function, difficulty in living and quality of sleep were statistically significant for predicting loneliness (P <0.001), of which social support was the strongest. [Conclusion] Social support, family function, degree of difficulty in daily life and quality of sleep are the important factors that affect the loneliness of the elderly. Social and family should take effective measures to reduce the loneliness of the elderly so as to realize the process of healthy aging smoothly.