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目的通过对湖北省2003-2007年人间狂犬病监测数据进行分析,了解近年狂犬病发病特征,探讨疾病流行因素,为预防控制狂犬病提供科学依据。方法对湖北省2003-2007年狂犬病疫情报告和2007年开展个案调查的134例病例资料进行分析。结果2003-2007年湖北省狂犬病病例上升趋势明显,疫情波及范围不断扩大。全年各月均有病例报告,但主要集中在8～11月。发病以农民、学生为主,男女之比为2.38∶1,5～15岁和40～70岁是发病数较多的年龄段。2007年病例个案调查资料显示,发病潜伏期为66d,94.78%的病人被犬所伤,暴露后到医疗机构处理伤口的仅占15.67%,疫苗接种率为14.93%,同时进行了伤口处理、被动免疫制剂注射及疫苗接种的占Ⅲ级暴露人群的5.80%。结论2003-2007年湖北省狂犬病流行形势严峻。犬只缺乏有效管理、群众对狂犬病的危害认识不足、暴露后疫苗和被动免疫制剂使用率不高、部分基层狂犬病暴露处置门诊缺乏规范化管理等因素是影响湖北省狂犬病流行的重要原因。
Objective By analyzing the data of human rabies surveillance in Hubei Province from 2003 to 2007, we can know the characteristics of rabies in recent years and discuss the factors of epidemic disease so as to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of rabies. Methods The data of 134 cases of rabies epidemic in Hubei Province from 2003 to 2007 and case investigation in 2007 were analyzed. Results The incidence of rabies in Hubei province increased significantly from 2003 to 2007, and the scope of the outbreak was expanding. There are case reports throughout the year, but mainly from August to November. Incidence of peasants, students, male to female ratio of 2.38: 1, 5 to 15 years old and 40 to 70 years old is the incidence of more age groups. According to the 2007 case-finding data, the patients with the incubation period of 66 days and 94.78% were injured by dogs. Only 15.67% of the patients were treated by medical institutions after the exposure and the vaccination rate was 14.93%. Meanwhile, the wounds were treated and passive immunization Formulation injection and vaccination accounted for 5.80% of the population exposed to grade III. Conclusion The epidemic situation of rabies in Hubei Province during 2003-2007 was severe. Lack of effective management of dogs, the public lack of awareness of the dangers of rabies, post-exposure vaccines and passive immunization agents utilization rate is not high, some grass-roots rabies exposure and lack of standardized management and other factors is an important cause of rabies epidemic in Hubei Province.