仅仅学会一门外语的语音、语法规则和掌握一定量的词汇并不意味学会了这门外语、能顺利地进行交际。文化差异往往成为跨文化交际的一大障碍。本文试从语言与文化的关系、“交际能力”学说、文化差异与交际障碍等方面论述培养学生跨文化交际意识的重要性并提出跨文化交际意识培养的途径。 Just learning the phonetic, grammatical rules and mastery of a certain amount of vocabulary in a foreign language does not mean that you learn the foreign language and can communicate well. Cultural differences often become a major obstacle to intercultural communication. This article discusses the importance of cultivating students’ awareness of intercultural communication from the aspects of the relationship between language and culture, the theory of “communicative competence”, cultural differences and communicative barriers, and puts forward the ways of cultivating intercultural communicative awareness.