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自然的变异和人为的作用都可能导致地质环境或地质体发生变化,当这种变化达到一定程度,其产生的后果便会给人类和社会造成危害,这也称为地质灾害,如崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、地裂缝、地面沉降、地面塌陷、岩爆、坑道突水、突泥、突瓦斯、煤层自然、黄土湿陷、岩土膨胀、砂土液化、土地冻融、水土流失、土地沙漠化及沼泽化、土壤盐碱化以及地震、火山、地热害等。汛期发生的地质灾害主要是与降雨有关的崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、地面塌陷等突发性地质灾害。
Both natural and man-made changes may lead to changes in the geological environment or geological bodies. When such changes reach a certain level, the consequences of such changes will be endangering humans and the society. This is also called geological disasters such as landslides and landslides , Debris flow, ground fissure, land subsidence, ground subsidence, rock burst, water inrush, mud, gas, coal seam natural, loess collapses, rock expansion, sand liquefaction, land freezing and thawing, soil erosion, land desertification and Swamping, soil salinization and earthquakes, volcanoes, geothermal hazards and so on. The geological disasters that occur during the flood season are mainly sudden geological disasters such as landslides, debris flows and ground subsidence related to rainfall.