预防矿山巷道冒顶和片帮的基本方向是:选择合理的开采参数,严格监视岩石状态,研究用聚合树脂支护的工艺以及创制浮石清理机械和支护的自行台车。巷道顶板支护是一种十分繁重的作业,以美国矿山的房柱采矿法为例,支护费用竟高达总成本的20～25％。美国每年安装的杆柱数量就超过1亿根。杆柱安装工作极其艰苦。近几年来,利用专门的自行台车可使杆柱支护的劳动生产率提高3～4倍。在国外的矿山,钢筋混凝土锚杆没有得到广泛的应用,而美国只限于在主要巷道中应用。对于各种硬度的岩石最有发展前途的支 The basic direction of preventing roof fall and top of mine roadway is to select reasonable mining parameters, strictly monitor the rock status, study the technology of supporting polymeric resin, and create a self-propelled trolley for pumice stone cleaning machinery and support. Roadway roof support is a very heavy operation, with the United States mining pillar mining method as an example, support costs as high as 20% to 25% of the total cost. The number of poles installed in the United States exceeds 100 million each year. Pole installation is extremely difficult. In recent years, the use of specialized self-trolley can support the pillar of the labor productivity increased by 3 to 4 times. In mines abroad, reinforced concrete anchors have not been widely used, while the United States is limited to the main roadway applications. Rock for all kinds of hardness of the most promising branch