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microRNA(miRNA)是一类对基因具有调控功能的内源性非编码小分子RNA,通过与靶mRNA完全或不完全互补配对,引起mRNA降解或翻译抑制,从而对基因转录后水平进行调控。目前认为miRNA在多种生物学过程中起着至关重要的作用,包括细胞增殖、分化、凋亡等。研究显示miRNA的表达异常能导致疾病甚至肿瘤的发生,有类似于抑癌基因或癌基因的功能。本文就miRNA在肿瘤发生和诊断方面的研究进展作一综述。
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous non-coding small RNAs that regulate genes. They regulate the post-transcriptional level of genes through complete or incomplete complementarity with target mRNAs that cause mRNA degradation or translational repression. Now that miRNA plays a crucial role in a variety of biological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and so on. Studies have shown that the abnormal expression of miRNA can lead to the occurrence of diseases and even tumors, similar to the function of tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes. This article reviews the progress of miRNA in tumorigenesis and diagnosis.