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为在黄土高原大面积建造植被、控制水土流失、发展经济 ,笔者于 1975～ 2 0 0 2年的 2 8年间 ,在半干旱黄土区的吴旗、安塞和固原县进行了沙棘和环境关系的研究。试验结果表明 ,沙棘具有特殊的生理生态和形态解剖学特性 ,沙棘具有较高的水分利用效率 ,其值为 1.2 1～ 1.53g·m- 2·mm- 1,是荒山植被的 3.1～ 5.8倍。沙棘耗水较经济 ,在半干旱的黄土区荒山种植 ,它能有效地利用水、土资源。测定沙棘水势较低 ,蒸腾强度较稳定 ,蒸腾耗水较大 ,吸水量较大 ,束缚水和束缚水与自由水比值较高。观察沙棘叶和根的形态解剖学特性看出沙棘耐干旱、耐水湿和调节蒸腾作用较强。沙棘在半干旱黄土区改善环境的生态功能明显。沙棘通过其茂密的林冠层、林下草被层、枯枝落叶层和发达的根系层形成良好的水分生态环境和森林生态结构 ,对林下小气候、土壤水分、养分及生物多样性有良好影响。与荒坡测定对比 ,第 2、 3和 4龄沙棘林地 ,径流量分别减少 6 6 .2 %、 6 5.9%和 78.2 % ,土壤侵蚀量分别减少 39%、 37.8%和 4 7%。 5龄以上的沙棘林 ,一般无侵蚀沟和滑坡发生。沙棘是适应黄土高原的优良树种 ,具明显的生态、经济和社会效益。
In order to build vegetation on a large area in the Loess Plateau, control soil and water loss and develop economy, the author conducted seabuckthorn and environment relations in Wuqi, Ansai and Guyuan counties in the semi-arid loess area during 1975 ~ 2002 Research. The results showed that the seabuckthorn had special physiological and morphological anatomy, and the seabuckthorn had high water use efficiency of 1.2 1 ~ 1.53 g · m -2 · mm -1 and 3.1 ~ 5.8 times of that of the barren hills . Seabuckthorn water more economical, semi-arid loess planted barren hills, it can effectively use water and soil resources. The determination of seabuckthorn water potential is low, transpiration intensity is relatively stable, transpiration water consumption is larger, larger water absorption, irreducible water and irreducible water and free water higher ratio. Observe the morphological anatomy of leaves and roots of seabuckthorn showed that the seabuckthorn is resistant to drought, water-wet and strong regulation of transpiration. Seabuckthorn in the semi-arid loess area to improve the environment of ecological function is obvious. Seabuckthorn has good water ecological environment and forest ecological structure through its dense canopy layer, understory layer, litter layer and developed root layer, and has a good influence on the microclimate, soil moisture, nutrients and biodiversity in the forest. Compared with the determination of barren slopes, the runoff in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th seabuckthorn forests decreased by 6.62%, 6.99% and 78.2% respectively, and the soil erosion decreased by 39%, 37.8% and 47% respectively. Seabuckthorn more than 5 years old, generally no erosion ditch and landslide occurred. Seabuckthorn is an excellent tree species adapted to the Loess Plateau, with obvious ecological, economic and social benefits.