对６１ 例拟诊为结核病和１０ 例正常胎儿肺组织的石蜡包埋组织分别进行组织化学方法（ 抗酸染色）和ＰＣＲ检测结果，结核组６１ 例中，抗酸染色阳性２８ 例，阳性率为４５．９ ％ ；ＰＣＲ检测阳性４０ 例，阳性率为６５．６ ％ 。两种方法阳性检出率差异显著（Ｐ＜０ ．００５） 。对照组１０ 例，两种方法检测均为阴性。结果表明，ＰＣＲ 检测石蜡组织中的结核菌，具有较高的灵敏度和特异性。 Sixty-one paraffin-embedded tissues suspected of being diagnosed as tuberculosis and ten normal fetal lung tissues were subjected to histochemical method (acid-fast staining) and PCR, respectively. Of the 61 patients with tuberculosis, 28 were positive for acid-fast staining, the positive rate was 45.9%; PCR test positive 40 cases, the positive rate was 65.6%. There was significant difference between the two methods (P <0 .005). Control group of 10 cases, two methods were negative. The results show that PCR detection of paraffin in the paraffin tissue has high sensitivity and specificity.