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17世纪中期,英国爆发了全国范围的内战,在交战双方妥协的条件下,1660年,查理二世建立了复辟王朝。1685年,詹姆斯二世继位,意图恢复天主教在英国的统治,另外,由于王位继承等原因,遭到了英国各个阶层的一致反对。在反对恢复天主教问题上走到一起来的各派代表在1688年共同作出决定,废黜詹姆斯二世,迎立他新教徒的女儿玛丽和其夫荷兰执政威廉为英国女王和国王。1688年11月威廉率军登陆英国,詹姆斯二世出逃法国,1689年2月威廉即英国王位,是为威廉三世。这就是1688年革命。这场革命没有流血即获得成功,因此历史上称之为“光荣革命”。革命后,英国议会颁布包括《权利法案》在内的一系列法案巩固了革命的成果。光荣革命是英国历史上具有里程碑意义的大事件,此后,新教成为英国国教,王权受到了极大的限制,英国初建资产阶级君主立宪制,走上近代国家宪政之路。
In the mid-17th century, a civil war broke out in the United Kingdom. Under the compromise of both warring factions, Charles II founded the restoration dynasty in 1660. In 1685, James II took the throne with the intention of restoring the Catholic rule in England. In addition, due to the succession of the throne and other reasons, it was unanimously opposed by all walks of life in Britain. Representatives of all parties that came together in opposition to the restoration of Catholicism made a joint decision in 1688 to depose James II, meet his Protestant daughter Mary and governor William of Qafu as the Queen and King of England. William led troops to Britain in November 1688, and James II fled to France. In February 1689 William was the British throne for William III. This is the 1688 revolution. The revolution, which succeeded without any bloodshed, has historically been called a “glorious revolution.” After the revolution, the British Parliament enacted a series of bills including the Bill of Rights to consolidate the fruits of the revolution. Since then, the Protestantism became a state religion of Great Britain and the royal power was greatly restricted. The United Kingdom initially established the constitutional monarchy of the bourgeoisie and embarked on the road of constitutional government in modern China.