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英文语法中不但有动词、名词,还有动名词。这里,我总结了动名词的用法,希望对同学们有所帮助。
我们先看看下面的句子:
1.The boy is singing a song.
2.The boy singing now is my brother.
3.Singing is one of his hobbies.
三个句子中都有singing。第一个句子中的singing是常见的现在进行式,说当时正在做什么;第二个句子中的singing是现在分词,它把sing这个动词转化成了形容词,但仍带有动词的成分;而在第三个句子中,singing则是动名词。这里,sing原本是个动词,可是当它加上-ing后,就是一个名词了。
一、动名词的分类
1.名词性的动名词
名词性的动名词前可以加定冠词、不定冠词,及my,this,some,any,all,no,等等。例如:
The mellow singing of the birds announces the coming of spring.
We knew the robber was near when we heard a faint rustling in the bushes.
动名词和真正的名词是有区别的,那就是动名词一般没有单数或复数之分。只有一些动名词可以变成真正的名词,如:saying,writing,opening,painting,cutting,heading,feeling,being,saving,surrounding,crossing,misunderstanding,等等。它们都可以有复数,如:paintings。
2.动词性的动名词
Carelessly writing essays annoy the teacher.
writing是动名词,但前面有副词carelessly,后面又有受词essays,因此writing有动词的特征。动词性的动名词,前面不能加任何冠词。
二、动名词的功能与用法
动名词在句中起名词的作用,可以充当主语、表语、宾语(动词宾语或介词宾语),也可以有自己的定语、宾语或状语。
1.动名词作主语
动名词和不定式都可以作主语,但不定式作主语表示具体的动作,动名词作主语则表示抽象或一般性的动作或情况。例如:
The girl’s being educated in an atmosphere of simply living was what her parents wished for.
根据句意,这个女孩在朴素的生活环境中接受教育是她的父母所希望的,接受教育不是具体的一次性动作,因此用动名词。
当动名词作主语时,我们常用先行词it作形式主语,而把真正的主语动名词放到句尾。例如:
It is no use crying over spilt milk.
It is a waste of time discussing such matters with him.
It is no good leaving today’s work for tomorrow.
2.动名词作动词宾语
(1)英语中有些动词后面只能跟动名词作它的宾语。这类动词常见的有:admit,advice,anticipate,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,deny,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,fancy,favor,finish,imagine,include,keep,mind,miss,postpone,practise,prevent,propose,resist,risk,suggest等。例如:
I would appreciate your keeping it a secret.
(2)动名词在demand,deserve,need,require,want等动词后面作宾语时,表示被动的意思。例如:
Your hair wants cutting.You had better have it done now.
(3)有些短语动词和结构后面也要求跟动名词作宾语。这样的短语动词常见的有:feel like,give up,go on,object(to),put off,keep on,insist on,leave off,look forward to,think of,can’t help,be/get used to,spend ... in, have difficulty in, have trouble/a hard time in, there be no need,confess to等。例如:
Although punctual himself,the professor was quite used to student’s being late for his lecture.
(4)有些动词既可以加动名词,又可以加不定式,但两者在意义上有差别。这些动词有:forget,like,remember,regret,try等。例如:
I’ll never forget meeting you for the first time.
forget to do表示忘记去做某事,还没有做。forget doing表示忘了做过某事。根据句意:我永远不会忘记第一次遇到你,遇到的动作已经发生,应选择动名词。这样的词组还有remember to do:记住去做某事,还没有做;remember doing:记得做过某事;regret to do:遗憾做某事;regret doing:后悔做过某事;try to do:尽力做某事;try doing:试着做某事。
3.动名词作介词宾语
此时介词和动名词构成介词短语。例如:
Ann never dreams of there being a chance for her to be sent abroad very soon.
4.动名词作定语
动名词放在所修饰的名词前面作为定语,表示该名词的用途或有关的动作。例如:
1.sleeping car 卧车
2.walking stick 手杖
3.printing shop 印务馆
4.reading room 阅读室
5.swimming pool 泳池
6.washing machine 洗衣机
7.dining room 饭厅
我们先看看下面的句子:
1.The boy is singing a song.
2.The boy singing now is my brother.
3.Singing is one of his hobbies.
三个句子中都有singing。第一个句子中的singing是常见的现在进行式,说当时正在做什么;第二个句子中的singing是现在分词,它把sing这个动词转化成了形容词,但仍带有动词的成分;而在第三个句子中,singing则是动名词。这里,sing原本是个动词,可是当它加上-ing后,就是一个名词了。
一、动名词的分类
1.名词性的动名词
名词性的动名词前可以加定冠词、不定冠词,及my,this,some,any,all,no,等等。例如:
The mellow singing of the birds announces the coming of spring.
We knew the robber was near when we heard a faint rustling in the bushes.
动名词和真正的名词是有区别的,那就是动名词一般没有单数或复数之分。只有一些动名词可以变成真正的名词,如:saying,writing,opening,painting,cutting,heading,feeling,being,saving,surrounding,crossing,misunderstanding,等等。它们都可以有复数,如:paintings。
2.动词性的动名词
Carelessly writing essays annoy the teacher.
writing是动名词,但前面有副词carelessly,后面又有受词essays,因此writing有动词的特征。动词性的动名词,前面不能加任何冠词。
二、动名词的功能与用法
动名词在句中起名词的作用,可以充当主语、表语、宾语(动词宾语或介词宾语),也可以有自己的定语、宾语或状语。
1.动名词作主语
动名词和不定式都可以作主语,但不定式作主语表示具体的动作,动名词作主语则表示抽象或一般性的动作或情况。例如:
The girl’s being educated in an atmosphere of simply living was what her parents wished for.
根据句意,这个女孩在朴素的生活环境中接受教育是她的父母所希望的,接受教育不是具体的一次性动作,因此用动名词。
当动名词作主语时,我们常用先行词it作形式主语,而把真正的主语动名词放到句尾。例如:
It is no use crying over spilt milk.
It is a waste of time discussing such matters with him.
It is no good leaving today’s work for tomorrow.
2.动名词作动词宾语
(1)英语中有些动词后面只能跟动名词作它的宾语。这类动词常见的有:admit,advice,anticipate,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,deny,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,fancy,favor,finish,imagine,include,keep,mind,miss,postpone,practise,prevent,propose,resist,risk,suggest等。例如:
I would appreciate your keeping it a secret.
(2)动名词在demand,deserve,need,require,want等动词后面作宾语时,表示被动的意思。例如:
Your hair wants cutting.You had better have it done now.
(3)有些短语动词和结构后面也要求跟动名词作宾语。这样的短语动词常见的有:feel like,give up,go on,object(to),put off,keep on,insist on,leave off,look forward to,think of,can’t help,be/get used to,spend ... in, have difficulty in, have trouble/a hard time in, there be no need,confess to等。例如:
Although punctual himself,the professor was quite used to student’s being late for his lecture.
(4)有些动词既可以加动名词,又可以加不定式,但两者在意义上有差别。这些动词有:forget,like,remember,regret,try等。例如:
I’ll never forget meeting you for the first time.
forget to do表示忘记去做某事,还没有做。forget doing表示忘了做过某事。根据句意:我永远不会忘记第一次遇到你,遇到的动作已经发生,应选择动名词。这样的词组还有remember to do:记住去做某事,还没有做;remember doing:记得做过某事;regret to do:遗憾做某事;regret doing:后悔做过某事;try to do:尽力做某事;try doing:试着做某事。
3.动名词作介词宾语
此时介词和动名词构成介词短语。例如:
Ann never dreams of there being a chance for her to be sent abroad very soon.
4.动名词作定语
动名词放在所修饰的名词前面作为定语,表示该名词的用途或有关的动作。例如:
1.sleeping car 卧车
2.walking stick 手杖
3.printing shop 印务馆
4.reading room 阅读室
5.swimming pool 泳池
6.washing machine 洗衣机
7.dining room 饭厅