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切入人的主体,必须涉及主客体关系。孔孟荀分别从本体论、伦理学、认识论角度来解决这一问题。孔子借拒斥天命,以“仁”来提升人的主体地位。孟子则以内在德性,即心说性,以道德修养实践的态度来正视人的德性主体地位。荀子明天人之分,借人的知性心,来体现人的知性主体的本质与价值。孔孟荀就这样架构起人的主体性的完整的哲学框架,呈现儒家光辉的人文精神。
Cut into the main body, we must involve the relationship between subject and object. Confucius, Mencius and Mencius respectively solve this problem from the perspective of ontology, ethics and epistemology. Confucius, by refusing God’s destiny and using “benevolence,” will elevate the dominant position of man. Mencius, on the other hand, takes the inner virtue, which is to say the heart, and takes the practice of moral cultivation as the main body of the morality. Xunzi Ming people, by people’s intellectual heart, to reflect the essence of human intellectuals and values. Confucius and Mencius thus constructed a complete philosophical framework that raised the subjectivity of human beings and presented the humanistic spirit of Confucianism.