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在浙江民间美术灿烂的文化宝库中,古戏曲壁画是最富特色、最为重要的组成部分。笔者通过对浙江省江山市廿八都文昌宫、水星庙等的清代戏曲壁画进行了全方位和系统性的调查研究,在昔日富甲三省边境的浙江廿八都古镇,清营驻防,商贸繁荣、庙会热闹和戏班斗艳,故至今还蕴藏了许多清代乾隆、嘉庆、同治、宣统年间的古戏曲壁画。笔者深入探究文昌宫和水星庙等的清代壁画约有400余幅,可以说是内容丰富,古朴奇秀、特色鲜明、底蕴深厚。据笔者所考,除了道教题材壁画(《文昌帝君》等)、忠孝故事壁画(《王祥卧冰》等)、山水花鸟壁画(《猫蝶图》等)之外,其中浙江戏曲壁画约有60余幅。这些戏曲壁画不仅具有鲜明的民族民间独有的审美特征和浓郁的地方特色,而且独具魅力,生动展现了浙江悠久辉煌的历史文化,提供给人们历史、文化、生活、民俗等多方面的知识,为浙江民间美术和民间戏曲研究提供了有力的实证,同时也具有很高的审美价值。
Among the splendid cultural treasures of folk art in Zhejiang, the ancient drama murals are the most distinctive and most important components. Through a comprehensive and systematic investigation and study of Qing Dynasty opera murals in Wenchang Palace and Mercury Temple in 28 cities such as Jiangshan in Zhejiang Province, Prosperity, festivals and lively temple fights, so far also contains many of the Qing Dynasty Qianlong, Jiaqing, Tongzhi, Xuan Tong years of ancient drama murals. The author inquired into the Qing Dynasty murals such as Wenchang Palace and Mercury Temple for more than 400 pieces in depth, which can be said to be rich in content, ancient and elegant, with distinctive features and deep inside story. According to the author’s test, in addition to the Taoist murals (“Wenchang Emperor” etc.), Zhongxiao story murals (“Wang Xiang lying ice”, etc.), landscape florid murals More than 60 pieces. These opera murals not only have distinctive national folk unique aesthetic features and rich local characteristics, but also have unique charm, vividly demonstrating the long history and glory of Zhejiang Province, providing people with history, culture, life, folklore and other aspects of knowledge For Zhejiang folk art and folk drama provides a strong empirical evidence, but also has a high aesthetic value.