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在油气田的开发过程中,“井喷”是指由于人为或自然因素导致的油或气喷出地面或流入井内其他地层的现象。由于钻井工艺技术复杂,加之地层结构多变或压力不稳定,国内外几乎每年都有井喷事故发生。“井喷”事故一旦发生,通常都伴随有毒气体的释放,对人体健康及环境质量将构成极大威胁。“井喷”事故喷发出的气体主要包括硫化氢和甲烷等,由于地质原因两者的比例不同,其中硫化氢是剧毒气体,对人体造成极大伤害。硫化氢为无色气体,具有臭蛋味,易溶于水。硫化氢经粘膜吸收快,皮肤吸收甚慢。人吸入硫化氢会出现呼吸道及眼刺激症状,会发生肺水肿、支气管炎及肺炎,出现头晕、头痛、步态不稳、恶心、呕吐症状,吸入1 000毫克/立方米数秒钟后出现急性中毒,导致呼吸加快后呼
In the development of oil and gas fields, “blowout ” refers to the phenomenon of oil or gas ejected from the ground or other formations into the well due to man-made or natural factors. Due to the complicated drilling technology and the changeable stratum structure or pressure instability, blowout accidents occur almost every year at home and abroad. “Blowout ” accident, usually accompanied by the release of toxic gases, will pose a great threat to human health and environmental quality. “Blowout ” Accident eruption gas mainly includes hydrogen sulfide and methane, due to geological reasons, the proportion of the two different, of which hydrogen sulfide is a highly toxic gas, causing great harm to the human body. Hydrogen sulfide is a colorless gas, with foul smell, easily soluble in water. Hydrogen sulfide absorbed through the mucosa, the skin absorption is very slow. Inhalation of hydrogen sulfide causes respiratory and eye irritation. Pulmonary edema, bronchitis and pneumonia may develop. Dizziness, headache, instability, vomiting, and acute poisoning may occur after inhaling 1,000 mg / m3 for several seconds , Resulting in faster breathing after call