通过对代表鄂西土家族地区传统戏剧南剧的研究,可发现南剧在鄂西地区的演变和发展过程中经历了从土司教养、地主创办、民间自发再到国家政策扶持保存的传承过程之中。通过对不同时代不同社会背景状况下南剧传承模式的研究,结合在现阶段南剧传承过程中遇到的困境,试探索出适合南剧活态传承根本原因和动力,推动鄂西地区非物质文化建设和发展。 Through the study of the Southern Drama of traditional drama on behalf of Tujia Minority in western Hubei Province, it can be found that during the evolution and development of western Hubei, Southern Drama experienced the inheritance process from chieftain to scholar, founder of land, spontaneous folk and preservation of state policy . Through the research of the inheritance mode of Nanju opera under different social background conditions and the difficulties encountered in the inheritance of Nanju opera at the present stage, this paper tries to find out the root causes and motivation which are suitable for the inheritance of Nanju opera, and promote the non-material Cultural construction and development.